生男生女基因图谱(生男生女基因是在哪方多)

（由于大家对本话题非常感兴趣，特将原文全部翻译如下，同时附有英文全文及出处。由于非本人专业，特请网友指正）

男孩还是女孩？取决于父亲的基因

日期：2008年12月12日

资料来源：纽卡斯尔大学

摘要：

对数百年家谱的研究表明，一个男人的基因在他有儿子或女儿的过程中发挥作用。男人继承了从父母那里生育更多儿子或更多女儿的倾向。这意味着一个有很多兄弟的男人更有可能生儿子，而一个有很多姐妹的男人更有可能生女儿。

一个简化的图表，其中男人只有儿子，只有女儿，或每个人的数量相等，但实际上它不太明确。

图片来源：图片由纽卡斯尔大学提供

纽卡斯尔大学的一项涉及数千个家庭的研究正在帮助未来的父母确定他们是否有儿子或女儿。

该大学的研究科学家科里·盖拉特利（Corry Gellatly）的研究表明，男性继承了父母中有更多儿子或更多女儿的倾向。这意味着一个有很多兄弟的男人更有可能生儿子，而一个有很多姐妹的男人更有可能生女儿。

该研究涉及对927个家谱的研究，其中包含来自北美和欧洲的556,387人的信息，可追溯到1600年。

家谱研究显示，你是否有可能生男孩或女孩是遗传的。我们现在知道，如果有更多的兄弟，男人更有可能生儿子，但如果他们有更多的姐妹，他们更有可能生女儿然而，在女性中，你无法预测，格拉特利先生解释道。

男性根据他们的精子是否携带X或Y染色体来确定婴儿的性别。X染色体与母亲的X染色体结合，形成一个女婴（XX），Y染色体将与母亲结合，形成一个男孩（XY）。

纽卡斯尔大学的研究表明，一个尚未被发现的基因控制着一个男人的精子是否包含更多X或更多的Y染色体，这会影响他孩子的性别。在更大规模上，与具有更多Y精子的男性相比，具有更多X精子的男性的数量影响每年出生的儿童的性别比例。

儿子还是女儿？

基因由两部分组成，称为等位基因，一部分遗传自每个父母。在他的论文中，盖拉特利先生证明，男性可能携带两种不同类型的等位基因，这导致控制X和Y精子比例的基因有三种可能的组合;

•第一种组合（称为mm）的男性产生更多的Y精子并且有更多的儿子。

•第二个，称为mf，产生大约相等数量的X和Y精子，并且具有大约相等数量的儿子和女儿。

•第三种，称为ff产生更多的X精子，并有更多的女儿。

​9种食物容易导致流产 准妈妈日常生活如何预防流产​孕妇在孕期的饮食是非常需要注意的，一些生活中常见的食物不能随便乱吃，当心吃多了引发悲剧！尽管如此，在衣食住行上还是要特别小心，尤其

从父母双方传下来的基因，导致一些男人有更多的儿子，一些人有更多的女儿，这可以解释为什么我们看到男性和女性在人口中大致平衡的原因。例如，如果人口中的雄性太多，女性将更容易找到配偶，那么拥有更多女儿的男性将传递更多的基因，导致更多的女性在后代出生，纽卡斯尔大学研究员说。盖拉特利先生。

战争结束后出生的男孩越来越多

在许多参加世界大战的国家中，随后出生的男孩人数突然增加。第一次世界大战结束后的一年，与战争开始前一年相比，英国每100名女孩中就多出两个男孩出生。Gellatly先生在他的研究中描述的基因可以解释为什么会发生这种情况。

由于有更多儿子看到儿子从战争中返回的男性支持这种可能性，这些儿子更有可能自己生男孩，因为他们从他们的父亲那里继承了这种倾向。相比之下，拥有更多女儿的男性可能在战争中失去了他们唯一的儿子，而那些儿子则更有可能生育女孩。这就解释了为什么在战争中幸存下来的男性更有可能生育男孩，这导致了男孩- 婴儿潮。

在大多数国家，只要保留了记录，就会出生的男孩多于女孩。例如，在英国和美国，目前每100名女性中就有大约105名男性出生。

有充分证据表明，更多的男性在童年时期和在他们年龄足够生育孩子之前死亡。因此，基因可能会导致更多男孩在战争后出生，这也可能导致每年有更多男孩出生。

基因是如何工作的？

家谱树（上图）说明了基因的工作原理。这是一个简单的例子，其中男人或者只有儿子，只有女儿，或者每个都有相同的数字，但实际上它不那么明确。它表明尽管该基因对雌性没有影响，但它们也携带该基因并将其传递给它们的孩子。

在第一个家谱（A）中，祖父是mm，所以他的孩子都是男性。他只传递了m等位基因，因此他的孩子更有可能拥有等位基因本身的组合。结果，那些儿子也可能只有儿子（如图所示）。孙子有等位基因的组合，因为他们从父亲那里继承了m，从母亲那里继承了f。结果，他们有相同数量的儿女（曾孙子）。

​妈咪必知的储存母乳小技巧 如何处理没喝完的母乳​我们都知道母乳是宝宝最好的天然食物，因此许多职场妈咪虽然要上班，都也一直在坚持母乳喂养，但是对与职场妈咪来说，储存母乳成了一个大难

在第二棵树（B）中，祖父是ff，因此他的所有孩子都是女性，他们有等位基因的组合，因为他们的父亲和母亲都是女性。其中一个女孩有自己的孩子，男性患有等位基因组合。那个男性决定孩子的性别，所以孙子都是男性。孙子有等位基因的组合，因为他们从父亲那里继承了m，从母亲那里继承了f。结果，他们有相同数量的儿女（曾孙子）。Boy Or Girl? Its In The Fathers Genes

Date: December 12, 2008

Source: Newcastle University

Summary:

A study of hundreds of years of family trees suggests a mans genes play a role in him having sons or daughters. Men inherit a tendency to have more sons or more daughters from their parents. This means that a man with many brothers is more likely to have sons, while a man with many sisters is more likely to have daughters.

A simplified diagram in which men either have only sons, only daughters, or equal numbers of each, though in reality it is less clear cut.

Credit: Image courtesy of Newcastle University

A Newcastle University study involving thousands of families is helping prospective parents work out whether they are likely to have sons or daughters.

The work by Corry Gellatly, a research scientist at the university, has shown that men inherit a tendency to have more sons or more daughters from their parents. This means that a man with many brothers is more likely to have sons, while a man with many sisters is more likely to have daughters.

The research involved a study of 927 family trees containing information on 556,387 people from North America and Europe going back to 1600.

"The family tree study showed that whether you’re likely to have a boy or a girl is inherited. We now know that men are more likely to have sons if they have more brothers but are more likely to have daughters if they have more sisters. However, in women, you just can’t predict it," Mr Gellatly explains.

Men determine the sex of a baby depending on whether their sperm is carrying an X or Y chromosome. An X chromosome combines with the mother’s X chromosome to make a baby girl (XX) and a Y chromosome will combine with the mother’s to make a boy (XY).

The Newcastle University study suggests that an as-yet undiscovered gene controls whether a man’s sperm contains more X or more Y chromosomes, which affects the sex of his children. On a larger scale, the number of men with more X sperm compared to the number of men with more Y sperm affects the sex ratio of children born each year.

Sons or daughters?

A gene consists of two parts, known as alleles, one inherited from each parent. In his paper, Mr Gellatly demonstrates that it is likely men carry two different types of allele, which results in three possible combinations in a gene that controls the ratio of X and Y sperm;

• Men with the first combination, known as mm, produce more Y sperm and have more sons.
• The second, known as mf, produce a roughly equal number of X and Y sperm and have an approximately equal number of sons and daughters.
• The third, known as ff produce more X sperm and have more daughters.

The gene that is passed on from both parents, which causes some men to have more sons and some to have more daughters, may explain why we see the number of men and women roughly balanced in a population. If there are too many males in the population, for example, females will more easily find a mate, so men who have more daughters will pass on more of their genes, causing more females to be born in later generations, says Newcastle University researcher Mr Gellatly.

More boys born after the wars

In many of the countries that fought in the World Wars, there was a sudden increase in the number of boys born afterwards. The year after World War I ended, an extra two boys were born for every 100 girls in the UK, compared to the year before the war started. The gene, which Mr Gellatly has described in his research, could explain why this happened.

As the odds were in favour of men with more sons seeing a son return from the war, those sons were more likely to father boys themselves because they inherited that tendency from their fathers. In contrast, men with more daughters may have lost their only sons in the war and those sons would have been more likely to father girls. This would explain why the men that survived the war were more likely to have male children, which resulted in the boy-baby boom.

In most countries, for as long as records have been kept, more boys than girls have been born. In the UK and US, for example, there are currently about 105 males born for every 100 females.

It is well-documented that more males die in childhood and before they are old enough to have children. So in the same way that the gene may cause more boys to be born after wars, it may also cause more boys to be born each year.

How does the gene work?

The trees (above) illustrate how the gene works. It is a simplified example, in which men either have only sons, only daughters, or equal numbers of each, though in reality it is less clear cut. It shows that although the gene has no effect in females, they also carry the gene and pass it to their children.

In the first family tree (A) the grandfather is mm, so all his children are male. He only passes on the m allele, so his children are more likely to have the mm combination of alleles themselves. As a result, those sons may also have only sons (as shown). The grandsons have the mf combination of alleles, because they inherited an m from their father and an f from their mother. As a result, they have an equal number of sons and daughters (the great grandchildren).

In the second tree (B) the grandfather is ff, so all his children are female, they have the ff combination of alleles because their father and mother were both ff. One of the female children has her own children with a male who has the mm combination of alleles. That male determines the sex of the children, so the grandchildren are all male. The grandsons have the mf combination of alleles, because they inherited an m from their father and f from their mother. As a result, they have an equal number of sons and daughters (the great-grandchildren).

Journal Reference:

1. Gellatly et al.Trends in Population Sex Ratios May be Explained by Changes in the Frequencies of Polymorphic Alleles of a Sex Ratio Gene.Evolutionary Biology, Dec 11, 2008; DOI: 10.1007/s11692-008-9046-3